If a shot blasting machine exhibits poor dust removal performance, a systematic troubleshooting and adjustment process is typically required, focusing on the dust collector, separator, and the condition of the shot media and workpieces.

**Inspect the Dust Collector System**

**Check the Fan and Filter Cartridges:** Verify that the dust collector fan is wired correctly to prevent reverse rotation. Inspect the filter cartridges to ensure they are securely installed, undamaged, and present; promptly clean any cartridges that have become clogged with dust.

**Ensure Sealing and Back-flushing:** Check the seals at the dust collection duct connections to prevent air leakage. Ensure that the pulse back-flushing mechanism is functioning correctly to periodically clear dust accumulation from the filter cartridges.

**Troubleshoot Mechanical Components:** Verify that the dust discharge cover at the bottom of the dust collector is securely closed, and inspect the fan impeller for signs of severe wear.

**Adjust Separator Parameters**

**Optimize Separation Air Velocity:** Adjust the separator's air inlet (using baffles or butterfly valves) to maintain an air velocity of 4–5 m/s within the separation zone (some sources recommend 3–4 m/s). This prevents excessive airflow from entraining the shot media while ensuring that insufficient airflow does not compromise separation efficiency.

**Establish a Uniform Shot Curtain:** Adjust the separator's flow control plate or sand-fall adjustment plate to ensure the shot media forms a complete, uniform curtain, thereby achieving effective separation of the shot media from the debris.

**Inspect the Shot Media and Workpiece Condition**

**Ensure Adequate and Quality Shot Media:** Check the level of shot media in the hopper to ensure a sufficient supply. Use only qualified shot media of the appropriate grain size that is free of clumps, and promptly ｒｅｐｌａｃｅ old or worn-out media.

**Pre-treat Workpieces:** Ensure that workpieces undergo proper pre-cleaning (e.g., sand removal) as required. This minimizes the amount of residual molding sand carried into the shot blasting chamber, thereby reducing the dust load entering the dust collector inlet.